Halotolerant bacteria in the efflorescences of a deteriorated church

7 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables, 18 references.--Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium, celebrado del 5-8, abril, 2000, en Sevilla, España.[EN]: A study on the composition of the efflorescences from the Church of Saint Jerome, Granada, Spain, and their influence on the distribution ofthe bacterial communities was carried out. The composition of the efflorescences varied depending on the location of the sampling point. The colony foming units (cfu) was related with the type of salt, with a clear difference between halite and epsomite/hexahydrite. The most abundant genera were Bacillus and Micrococcus and the abundance of bacilli could be explained by their osmotic adaptation to halophilic environments.[ES]: Se ha determinado la composición de las eflorescencias de la iglesia de San Jerónimo, en Granada, España, y relacionado con la presencia de comunidades específicas de bacterias. Existe una conexión entre el tipo de sales y las comunidades bacterianas; así, la epsomita, la sal más abundante en el templo, origina la selección de comunidades capaces de crecer a concentraciones de hasta,15% de esta sal. Sin embargo, las bacterias que basan su halotolerancia en la halita presentan un crecimiento comparativamente menor y no son significativamente estimuladas por la presencia de epsomita. Los géneros más abundantes son Bacillus y Micrococcus. La abundancia de bacilos se debe a su adaptación osmótica a ambientes salinos.This work was supported by the European Commission, project ENV4-CT98-0705, and the Research Groups RNM-179 and 201 from the Community of Andalusia.Peer reviewe

Laboratory and in situ assays of digital image analysis based protocols for biodeteriorated rock and mural paintings recording

8 pages, 8 figures, 43 references.Rock art paintings, and in general mural paintings, are one of the many elements of cultural heritage complex systems. As the different elements of a system have diverse spatial positions, spatial recording allows understanding their interactions. Thus, a useful approach to mural paintings recording is to understand it as a microcartography issue, managing each element of the system as a cartographic coverage. The approach implemented emphasizes the utilization of data obtained by remote sensing techniques for extracting different kinds of information susceptible of being analysed, classified and plotted in a differentiate way by means of the possibility of reducing redundant data by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the elaboration of false-colour images from uncorrelated bands. A laboratory model was prepared in order to simulate biodeterioration of rock art. The samples were photographically recorded thereafter under different lighting conditions, and PCA applied to the resulting images. False-colour images obtained by combining Principal Component bands allowed us to reach results similar to those of an unsupervised classification. The method has been applied to Roman mural paintings from one of the tombs of Carmona Necropolis, obtaining good results.Peer reviewe

Evolución y análisis filogenético de las comunidades microbianas desarrolladas como respuesta al aumento de los niveles de fenantreno en un suelo contaminado por PAHs

Trabajo presentado al citado Congreso que tuvo lugar del 21-24, de septiembre, 2009, en Almería, España.Las comunidades microbianas de los suelos contaminados con hidrocarburos aromáticos poli cíclicos (PAHs) presentan gran biodiversidad. Esta biodiversidad puede relacionarse con la respuesta a niveles elevados de PAHs. En este trabajo se presenta el estudio y la caracterización de las comunidades microbianas de un suelo contaminado principalmente con hidrocarburos aromáticos poli cíclicos (5LO), mediante técnicas basadas en ADN y técnicas de cultivo. Se ha estudiado la evolución de las comunidades como respuesta al aumento de la concentración de fenantreno.Peer reviewe

Agromyces italicus sp. nov., Agromyces humatus sp. nov. and Agromyces lapidis sp. nov., isolated from Roman catacombs

A polyphasic study was carried out to clarify the taxonomic positions of three Gram-positive isolates from the Catacombs of Domitilla, Rome (Italy). 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons placed these strains within the genus Agromyces. The morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics of these isolates were consistent wiih the description of the genus Agromyces. The three isolates could be readily distinguished from one another and from representatives of all Agromyces species with validly published names by a broad range of phenotypic characteristics and DNA-DNA relatedness studies. Therefore, these isolates are proposed to represent three novel species of the genus Agromyces, Agromyces italicus sp. nov. (type strain CD1T=HKI 0325T=DSM 16388T=NCIMB 14011T), Agromyces humatus sp. nov. (type strain CD5T=HKI 0327T=DSM 16389T=NCIMB 14012T) and Agromyces lapidis sp. nov. (type strain CD55T =HKI 0324T=DSM 16390T=NCIMB 14013T). © 2005 IUMS.V. J. and L. L. are grateful to fellowships from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (MEC) I3P programme and J. M. G. to an MEC contract from the ‘Ramo´n y Cajal’ programme. This study was supported by project CATS (EVK4-CT2000-00028) and MEC project BTE2002-04492-C02-01.Peer Reviewe

Phyllobacterium catacumbae sp. nov., a member of the order 'Rhizobiales' isolated from Roman catacombs

Two strains were isolated from tuff, a volcanic rock that forms the walls of the Roman Catacombs of Saint Callixtus in Rome, Italy. A polyphasic approach using nutritional and physiological tests, reactions to antibiotics, fatty acid profiles, DNA base ratios, DNA-DNA reassociation and 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that the two isolates belong to a novel species within the genus Phyllobacterium. The species Phyllobacterium catacumbae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CSC19T (=CECT 5680T=LMG 22520T).V. J. and L. L. received fellowships from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (MEC), I3P programme and J. M. G. is supported by an MEC contract from the ‘Ramón y Cajal’ program. This study was supported by EC project EVK4-CT2000-00028 and MEC project BTE2002-04492-C02-01.Peer Reviewe

Deterioration of an Etruscan tomb by bacteria from the order Rhizobiales

7 páginas, 4 figuras, 29 referencias.The Etruscan civilisation originated in the Villanovan Iron Age in the ninth century BC and was absorbed by Rome in the first century BC. Etruscan tombs, many of which are subterranean, are one of the best representations of this culture. The principal importance of these tombs, however, lies in the wall paintings and in the tradition of rich burial, which was unique in the Mediterranean Basin, with the exception of Egypt. Relatively little information is available concerning the biodeterioration of Etruscan tombs, which is caused by a colonisation that covers the paintings with white, circular to irregular aggregates of bacteria or biofilms that tend to connect each other. Thus, these colonisations sometimes cover extensive surfaces. Here we show that the colonisation of paintings in Tomba del Colle is primarily due to bacteria of the order Rhizobiales (Alphaproteobacteria), which were likely influenced by the neighbouring rhizosphere community and the availability of nutrients from root exudates.This work was funded through the projects CGL2010-17183, 201030E011 and Consolider 2007-00058. M.D.H. was supported by a JAE Research Fellowship from CSIC, and S.C. was supported by a Juan de la Cierva contract.Peer reviewe

Caracterización de un mutante de S. clavuligerus NRRL 3585 capaz de metabolizar glucosa y expresión del gen glk de S. coelicolor en S. clavuligerus

Comunicación presentada al citado congreso, celebrado del 19-23, junio, 1988, Barcelona, España.Peer reviewe

Analytical pyrolysis evidences the presence of granaticins in the violet stains of a Roman tomb

6 páginas.-- 5 figuras.-- 14 referenciasThe walls of the Circular Mausoleum tomb (Roman Necropolis of Carmona, Spain) exhibit an important number of violet stains of unknown origin. Analytical pyrolysis detected in the tomb walls granaticin A, a violet pigment with an isobenzochromanequinone structure, as well as in the extracts of two bacterial strains isolated from the walls. The bacterium was tentatively identified as Streptomyces sp. High performance liquid chromatography confirmed that this Streptomyces synthesized as major pigments dihydrogranaticin A, granaticin A and granaticin B.This research was funded by projects GCL2010-17183 and 201230E125. M.D.H. and A.Z.M. were supported by a JAE Research Fellowship from CSIC, and a Marie Curie Intra-European Fellow-ship of the European Commission’s 7th Framework Programme(PIEF-GA-2012-328689), respectivelyPeer reviewe

Estudio de enzimas de la vía biosintética de cefamicina C en Nocardia Lactamdurans LC411 y en variantes AMY

Actualmente la tesis se encuentra en soporte de microficha nº 82 en la Universidad de León, Servicio de Publicaciones.-- 9 páginas.[ES]: La biosíntesis de Cefamicina C por Nocardia Lactamdurans tiene lugar a través de una vía biosintética que se inicia con la formación del tripéptido L-Alfa-Aminoadipil) - L-Cisteinil-Dvalina (ACV) por la enzima ACV Sintetasa, seguida de la ciclación de este tripéptido a isopenicilina N por la isopenicilina N sintasa IPNS). A continuación, la isopenicilina N epimerasa (IPNE) convierte isopenicilina N a penicilina N. Esta última enzima es muy hábil. LA IPNS de N Lactamdurans es un monómero, ya que el peso molecular de la forma no desnaturalizada de la enzima, calculado por filtración en gel es idéntico al determinado por SDS-PAGE: 37500 DA. su punto isoeléctrico es 5.5. La IPNE de N Lactamdurans fue purificada 93.2 veces. Es estabilizaca por fosfato de piridoxal y tiene un peso molecular calculado por filtración en gel de 59000. Una banda proteíca de 59000 DA. y PI 5.1 - 5.26, se enriquece en fracciones activas analizadas en SDS-PAGE. Por otra parte, N Lactamdurans var. AMY-, una cepa que no produce cefamicina C, posee IPNS e IPNE antigénicamente similares a las de la cepa AMY+, proteínas que se visualizan en electroforesis bidimensional.[EN]: The biosynthesis of cephalosporins by Acremonium chrysogenum (syn. Cephphalosporium acremonium) and cephamycins by Nocardia lactamdurans (syn. Streptomyces lactamdurans) takes place through similar biosynthetic pathways (reviewed by Martin & Liras, 1985). In both cases, the first step involves the formation of tripeptide δ-(L- α-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinl-D-valine (ACV) by the enzyme ACV synthetase, followed by cyclization of ACV to isopenicillin N by isopenicillin N syntase (IPNS). Isopenicillin N epimerase (IPNE), which converts IPN into penicillin N by changing the L-α-aminoadipic acid side chain to the D-configuration was first detected in A. chrysogenum (Sawada et al., 1980). The enzyme was so labile that it could not be characterized further. The IPNS of N. Lactamdurans appears to be a monomer since the molecular weight to the natural (non-denatured) form calculated by gel filtration is identical to the molecular weight of SDS-denatured protein as estimated by PAGE: 37800 Da. Her pl is 5.5. The IPNE was extracted from N. Lactamdurans and purified 93.2-fold. The enzyme was unstable but could be partially stabilized by addition of pyridoxal phosphate. The purified enzyme did not require ATP fer activity in contrast to other amino acid racemases. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 59000 Da as determined by gel filtration. A protein band of 59000 Da and pl 5.1-5.26 was found to be enriched in active fractions which were obtained from N. lactamdurans and analized in SDS-PAGE, the band was also inmunodetected. In adition, N. Lactamdurans var. Amy, a non-producing cephamycin C strain has the inmunodetectables proteins IPNS and IPNE, and they can be visualized in two-dimensional electrophoresis system.Peer reviewe

Aplicaciones prácticas de la investigación sobre Patrimonio

IRNAS-CSIC. Instituto Eduardo Torroja-CSIC. Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia. Red Temática de Patrimonio Histórico y Cultural.Peer reviewe